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Indicator Library / Trend

Hull Moving Average

A responsive weighted moving average designed to reduce lag while retaining a smooth trend line.

Plain-English definition

HMA combines weighted moving averages at different lengths, then smooths the result using the square root of the selected length.

What it measures

Smoothed direction and rate of change in price.

Formula

HMA(n) = WMA(2 × WMA(price, n/2) − WMA(price, n), √n).

How to read it

Slope and price relationship are commonly used as trend context. Color changes are implementation choices, not a separate calculation.

Common signals

  • Slope change
  • Price cross
  • Fast/slow HMA alignment
  • Pullback toward the average

Best market conditions

Clean directional markets where a responsive filter is useful.

Weak market conditions

Choppy ranges, where a fast HMA can repeatedly flip direction.

Default settings

Length 55 is common in public scripts, though 9, 16, and 21 also appear frequently.

Alternative settings

Short lengths emphasize responsiveness; long lengths emphasize regime. Test nearby values and bar-close behavior.

Repainting and confirmation

The base HMA is fixed after close. Apparent historical changes often come from higher-timeframe lookahead, forming candles, or custom coloring logic.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming smooth means predictive
  • Using a very fast length in chop
  • Ignoring higher-timeframe implementation
  • Treating every color change as a trade

Example use

Use HMA slope as directional permission and a separately tested trigger for timing, both evaluated on closed candles.

Strategy ideas worth testing

  • Slope as a regime filter
  • Pullback continuation
  • HMA plus STC
  • ATR-filtered direction changes

Complementary indicators

STCATRMarket structureClosed-bar triggers

Summary verdict

Responsive and visually clear, but still a moving average. Regime filtering determines whether its speed helps or hurts.

Frequently asked questions

Does HMA eliminate lag?+

No. It reduces lag relative to some averages but remains price-derived.

Why can an HMA backtest change?+

Check forming candles, higher-timeframe requests, lookahead, and script changes.

Does base HMA repaint?+

Not after candle close.